![]() The transmission chain has also been upgraded to a wider, stronger, and more resilient design. Its 30-tooth sprocket falls within the intermediate range, commonly used by over 90% of cyclists, and is perfectly suited for beginners who prefer simplicity and ease of use. While some may assume that higher speeds are necessary for mountain biking, the Schwinn Boundary’s gear layout is designed with practicality in mind. Power system power system schwinn boundaryĮquipped with the Pro Rush 17 wide-range transmission system and a 7-speed card rear flywheel with a tooth range of 14-38, this bike delivers efficient and precise shifting using trigger shift levers, a feature typically found in high-end models costing over $5,000. ![]() This feature is perfect for beginner riders like my friend Marvin D. The bike can effectively absorb the impact of bumpy roads when riding on rougher terrains, which results in increased maneuverability. Moreover, the shock fork on the Schwinn Boundary is difficult to strike the bottom in non-extreme situations. This level of performance is usually only found on bikes that cost more than $500. The shock fork has a diameter of 32mm and provides a remarkable 80mm more distance than the typical mountain bike. The Schwinn Boundary mountain bike comes equipped with a custom-made spring front fork by Schwinn, which is not commonly found on other brands of bikes. Although a kettle rack is not included with the bike, one can be simply purchased and installed if needed. On the slanted bar of the frame, however, I discovered two protruding attachment points for the kettle rack upon closer investigation. I initially believed that the Schwinn Boundary lacked a kettle rack, which would have been a drawback for people who like mountain sports like us. Although they have high-end versions as well, people on a low budget might not be able to afford them. Schwinn is known for making excellent mountain bikes, especially in the more cheap price range. Combs, this leads in less difficulties during rides from extra body weight, which is advantageous. The Schwinn Boundary’s lightweight frame, which is more than 30% lighter than a steel frame, is one distinguishing characteristic. ![]() Contrary to popular assumption, technical processing allows aluminium frames to have characteristics that steel frames do not. Hard-tail mountain bike from Schwinn Boundary is a traditional and widely used geometric frame form.ĭespite being entirely comprised of aluminium, the frame’s strength is unaffected. So if you’re considering purchasing this bike or simply want to learn more about it, keep reading! Frame frame schwinn boundary Assembled Product Dimensions (L x W x H): 59.74 x 8.25 x 29.87 Inchesīelow, we will delve deeper into the characteristics of the Schwinn 29” Men’s Boundary Mountain Bike, taking a closer look at its key components, performance on different terrains, and overall value for money.Features: Has Handles, Durable steel mountain frame.What is the weight of the Schwinn Boundary?. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Regarding your calculations i think its a tad more then 1500 kgs per base so i drop 1600 to be sure. Maybe that ww mode will be it if it gets done during our lifetime. Before anyone attacks me for saying this understand that patience is not skill and that i wish there was a viable role for every plane but for that to happen gaijin would have to come up with a whole new mode. Like it or not air rb is about fighters, the skill level needed for bombers and attackers is much lower. If they reduce the amount of bombs per target they must reduce the altitude of bomber spawn and that would get most bombers killed before they can get some points. Would you like 2-3 medium bombers or 1-2 29s to be able to finish a match in one pass? So 2-3 guys point their noses in a certain direction, press space couple of times 3 minutes later and we can call it a match? Call me crazy but that doesn't sound like something id play. and are used under license by Gaijin Entertainment.Im not sure what is it you are suggesting. P-39 and P-63 emblems, logos, and body designs are trademarks of Textron Innovations Inc. F-84 Thunderjet, XF5F-1 Skyrocket, XP-50, F4F-3 Wildcat, F4F-4 Wildcat, F4U-1A Corsair, F4U-1B Corsair, F4U-1C Corsair, F6F-3 Hellcat, F7F-1 Tigercat, F8F-1 Bearcat, F8F-1B Bearcat, F9F-2 Panther, F9F-5 Panther, OS2U-1 Kingfisher, OS2U-3 Kingfisher, F3F, P-61 Black Widow, P-47D-25 Thunderbolt, P-47D-27 Thunderbolt, P-47M-1-RE Thunderbolt, P-47N-15 Thunderbolt and P-47D-28 Thunderbolt are trademarks of Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation and are used under license to Gaijin Entertainment.CONSOLIDATED B-24 LIBERATOR, CONSOLIDATED PBY CATALINA, LOCKHEED P-38 LIGHTNING, LOCKHEED F-80 SHOOTING STAR, MARTIN B-57 CANBERRA, associated emblems and logos, and body designs of vehicles are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Lockheed Martin Corporation in the USA and/or other jurisdictions, used under license by Gaijin Entertainment. Gaijin and War Thunder are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Gaijin Entertainment or its licensors, all other logos are trademarks of their respective owners. Create custom content for War Thunder and share it on War Thunder Live, with the prospect of earning real money through the Revenue Share Partner System!.Astonishing graphics, authentic sound effects and beautiful music creating an atmosphere to fully immerse yourself in.Regular content updates including new vehicles, maps, missions and nations. ![]() Rich PvE content including dynamic historical campaigns and solo missions.Intense PvP experiences in full-scale combat missions at various difficulty settings for all play styles and degrees of experience.100 maps representing the main historical battle theaters.Over 2,000 highly detailed aircraft, helicopters, tanks, warships and other combat vehicles crafted carefully from historical documents and surviving sources.Seamless cross-platform gameplay between Windows PC, Linux, Mac, PlayStation®4, PlayStation®5, Xbox One with Xbox Series X|S – everyone on the same server.You can find yourself blasting your pursuers from a bomber turret, defending your teammates on the ground from an air raid with anti-aircraft guns, shooting down enemy planes with a firestorm from multiple rocket launchers, or trying to sink an enemy warship with a torpedo from a fast attack boat. You can choose from over 2,000 vehicles and an extensive variety of combat situations many of which are exclusive. In War Thunder, aircraft, attack helicopters, ground forces and naval ships collaborate in realistic competitive battles. Join now and take part in major battles on land, in the air, and at sea, fighting with millions of players from all over the world in an ever-evolving environment. War Thunder is the most comprehensive free-to-play, cross-platform, MMO military game dedicated to aviation, armoured vehicles, from the early 20th century to the most advanced modern combat units. ![]() ![]() ![]() Nashville is the fourth new destination announced by GSP in 2021. With this announcement, GSP will offer service by seven passenger airlines to 22 nonstop destinations and connecting service worldwide. The ability to replace all day drives with an hour-long flight will enhance productivity for business travelers and give leisure travelers additional time to enjoy all that Music City has to offer.” “I know that Upstate travelers will appreciate the speed, comfort, and convenience of nonstop air service to Nashville. “We are thrilled to introduce Contour service in South Carolina,” said Matt Chaifetz, chief executive officer of Contour. We are pleased to welcome Contour Airlines to our family of carriers.” GSP continues to pursue opportunities that bring our customers more flights to more of their favorite places. “We are excited to announce new service to a city that appeals to both business and leisure travelers. Tickets for these flights can be purchased now at “Nashville has been one of our most requested destinations for years,” said Dave Edwards, president and CEO of the Greenville-Spartanburg Airport District. Contour has no middle seats on its aircraft, allowing for more space between passengers. Contour will utilize 30-seat Embraer ERJ-135 and Embraer ERJ-145 aircraft configured with a minimum of 36 inches of legroom in every row, which is equivalent to first-class on other domestic carriers. The new service will operate five times each week, excluding Tuesdays and Saturdays. Contour Airlines will offer the only nonstop service from the Upstate region to Music City. GSP will be the first airport in South Carolina to offer scheduled Contour Airlines service. ![]() The authority also approved this measure unanimously.Contour Airlines announced plans today to offer new nonstop service from Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport (GSP) to Nashville, TN (BNA) beginning November 17, 2021. McCalmost quoted the estimate by Identity at $72,693 and suggested that the board approve the payment, as well as an additional 25 percent for contingencies. His recommendation came on the back of a very detailed design concept for the sign, as well as the reality of consistently rising material costs. He urged the authority to accept the new contracting company, Identity America. In other news, John McCalmont of Parrish & Partners was on hand to update the authority on their decision to sign on with a new contractor to replace the airport entrance sign along Rt. Contour will begin to take flights to and from Lewisburg on Jan. After this, the authority unanimously decided that the airport would select Contour Airlines for the provision of Essential Air Service. Brief discussion followed on the topic, at which point authority members Debra Phillips and Tammy Shifflett-Tincher voiced their appreciation for the service SkyWest had provided through the years, but also spoke of their disappointment with SkyWest’s initial decision to pull out of LWB’s market, as well as understanding for current economic circumstances. 31, 2023 two, to sign a new long-term multi-year contract and three, to contract Contour Airlines for Essential Air Service. Therefore the three options before the authority on Tuesday were to one, remain with SkyWest through the rest of their contract, which expires at Mar. ![]() Lengthy discussions at the authority’s last regular meeting centered on this decision, and a packet sent from SkyWest which stated the intention of that airline to rescind their withdrawal and a request to be reinstated on a long term basis at LWB. The Greenbrier County Airport Authority met Tuesday, June 21 to determine, primarily, who will provide flights to the Greenbrier Valley Airport. ![]() ![]() ![]() You may not reproduce, republish, post, publicly display, transmit or distribute any content of the Website unless expressly permitted in these Terms of Use or elsewhere on the Website.Ģ.3. Download and reproduction of this content for non-commercial purposes only (personal use) is allowed if there is a clear reference to the source of the content. This content includes intellectual property rights (industrial rights and copyright), which are owned by the Company and are protected by the Greek Law, EU law and international treaties and agreements.Ģ.2. All the content (text, photographs, videos, graphic designs, designs, trademarks, logos, sounds, artwork, computer code, structure, look & feel etc) used in this website is either created or legally obtained by KG. Content – Intellectual Property RightsĢ.1. My Blossom reserves the right to, without notice and for any reason, modify or remove content from the Website, suspend or terminate the operation of the Website and deny access to any user to all or part of the Website.Ģ. You are kindly requested to review them regularly, since the use of the Website shall be deemed as your consent to the Terms of Use, as applicable and in force from time to time.ġ.6. The Terms of Use may be amended from time to time and at a frequency without prior notice. ![]() ![]() In case you disagree with their content, in whole or in part, please do not use the Website and the services provided through it.ġ.5. By using the Website, you unconditionally declare that you understand and agree with the Terms of Use. Before you continue the navigation in the Website, you are kindly requested to carefully read these Terms of Use, as well as the Privacy Policy and the Cookies Policy.ġ.4. The Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy and the Cookies Policy of our Website constitute a legally binding agreement governing any transaction between the Company and you.ġ.3. Your use of the Website is accompanied by the following general Terms of Use (hereinafter “Terms of Use”).ġ.2. Welcome to ” (hereinafter “Website”), a website owned by the Single Member Private Company incorporated under the laws of Greece with the name “KENNEDY'S GROUP AND REAL ESTATE SINGLE MEMBER P.C.” (hereinafter “Company”, “we”, “KG”, “My Blossom”), established on with registration no 159000638000 at General Commercial Registry and has its seat at Mykonos Island, Cyclades, Greece, with TIN 801552482. Please share this music far and wide, and raise awareness about the revolution that is unfolding in Iran.1.1. None of the mainstream media is reporting on this, so I hope that WE, collectively as a music community, can rise up, and be their voice. This DJ mix is not just me speaking, however, it is the voice of an entire nation, and they are literally shouting for their lives right now. I like to think that I speak through my music, and I tell a story with my sets. She dealt directly with the challenges of being a woman in Iran. The current situation in Iran hits very close to home, as my wife was born and raised there. This mix is dedicated to the women in Iran, who have been fighting and protesting for 2 months now, for exactly this right. “Azadi” means “Freedom” in Farsi, and it is the most basic human right which we all must have. Now more than ever, that voice needs to be heard loud and strong. Sol Selectas has always embraced the beautiful art and music of Iran, and we pride ourselves on being a cultural voice for the people. In this mix I featured every Persian song, and every Persian artist, that Sol Selectas has released thus far, along with a few other songs by Persian friends, and Persian run labels. ![]() ![]() The Fix & Scan feature is useful for users who don’t want to dive deep into the software and get the best outcome with the least amount of effort. For example, you can turn on adware and virus protection, ID Theft Guard, and VPN, and they will work in the background protecting your Mac and online privacy. Once you set it up, it does most of the work automatically. MacKeeper 5 allows you to see the list of such apps and disable the ones that are not useful. Most of those apps don’t need to launch at login. Today, every other app is looking to become a login item so it can run in the background. With the update tracker, you can see the updates for all your installed apps and update them with just one click.įinally, there’s a login-item manager that lets you disable login items so your Mac boots up quickly. Managing updates for such apps can be hard. There are many apps that we install on our Mac that are not from the App Store. There’s also a built-in update tracker that lets you update all the apps at once. You can also clean apps to release RAM, so your Mac doesn’t feel slow. It monitors your Mac’s RAM and lets you know which apps are using it the most. If your Mac only has 8GB of RAM, this feature will help you a lot. The first such tool is the “Memory Cleaner”. ![]() MacKeeper 5 also comes with several tools that let you boost the performance on your Mac. And sometimes, instead of moving files, I mistakenly copy them, which also creates duplicates. So even if I delete or lose a file by error, I have an option to get it back. ![]() For a running project, I generally keep multiple copies of all the required files. This is a lifesaver feature for people like me who end up with multiple copies of the same file. Less junk on your Mac also results in better performance, which is an added advantage. ![]() You should run this every week to gain back the lost storage. It scans your Mac for all the junk files left by apps and services and lets you clean them up in one swoop. If you don’t want to run all the scans at once and just want to remove the junk files, you can use the Safe Cleanup option. You select the adware option, scan your Mac, and delete the ones that you find. MacKeeper 5 lets you deal with this pesky adware by letting you scan and delete them with just a few clicks. They bombard you with ads, most of which are of an unsavory kind. They latch onto browsers and change your homepage, search engine, and even install as an extension, thereby controlling ads on all the websites that you visit. Adware is also notoriously hard to uninstall. ![]() ![]() 1080x1339px Whatsapp dp, dark, moon, purple, HD phone wallpaper.1920x1080px Dark Light Purple Hexagons Dark Purple, HD wallpaper.1080x2340px Samurai, black, dark, dragon slayer, legend, legends, moon, ninja, purple, warrior, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Neon cat, animals, black, cats, dark, glasses, pink, purple, HD phone wallpaper. ![]()
![]() ![]() If you're keen on an Apple monitor but at a cheaper price, see the Apple Studio Display further down on our list. It comes with one Thunderbolt 3 port (meaning it can go at the end of a Thunderbolt chain, but can't be a Thunderbolt hub), plus three USB-C ports for connecting accessories. There's the option of a nanotexture effect on the screen to reduce reflectivity as low as it goes for monitors like this, too. That includes a reference mode for 'Apple display', which will make it match a MacBook Pro for brightness, so you get a consistent look if you have them side by side. In terms of colours, there are specific reference modes for DCI P3, sRGB, NTSC, BT.709, and many more. At around $5,000 (not including the stand) you'd hope you're getting a good, screen, and it certainly delivers, with resolution of 6016 x 3384, which is enough for many 6K formats (though not quite the 6K full-frame recording of a RED camera).Īdded to that is an incredible HDR peak brightness of up to 1,600 nits, with a typical brightness of 1,000 nits – and there are 576 individual dimming zones for backlight control, so contrast is colossal. See our full Dell UltraSharp UP2720Q review for more.įor anyone looking to edit video on their MacBook Pro, Apple's own Pro Display XDR is a stunning if eye-wateringly expensive option. We got 99.8% of the sRGB gamut, 96.1% of the Adobe RGB space and 95% of the DCI-P3 gamut during testing, but its built-in colourimeter should help you calibrate for even better picture quality. The design may not turn heads, but the specs and performance provided make this our pick as the best monitor for MacBook Pro for most creatives. We also found the connectivity options to be ideal for the MacBook users among us thanks to two Thunderbolt 3/USB-C ports and 90W power delivery.Īt the centre of it all is excellent colour coverage. It's a 4K screen with a high pixel density of 163ppi for great detail, and its ergonomic stand can swivel, pivot, and tilt, as well as adjust vertically, making it excellent for creative workflows. Then simply connect the monitors as above-and enjoy your three screens.The Dell UltraSharp UP2720Q is our top pick as the best external monitor for MacBook Pro because we've found it to offer great performance and features for a fairly reasonable price. This uses Silicon Motion’s InstantView technology, meaning you’ll have to grant it access to your privacy settings for your MacBook to recognise the adapter. Want to connect a second monitor for the MacBook Air? It’s possible with a dual HDMI adapter, which allows for one 4K display at 60 Hz and another 4K display at 30 Hz. Simply route the external monitor through the adapter and you’re good to go. In this case, you will need to use an adapter, like the ThinkPad Universal Thunderbolt 4 Dock. This can present an issue if your external monitor only supports a USB-A cable. It is important to check the ports on your MacBook to determine whether you need an adapter – the MacBook M1 Pro 16” has a built-in Thunderbolt 4 (USB-C) port, while the MacBook Air 13” has a Thunderbolt 3 port. It is worth knowing that a Thunderbolt port will support a standard USB-C cable, so don’t worry if one of your external monitors comes with one. By contrast, a standard USB-C port has only half the transfer and running power, making it a less impressive prospect. Known as “the port to end all ports”, Thunderbolt 4 is the fastest data transfer standard today, allowing for speeds of up to 40 GB/s, and has the power to run two 4K displays at the same time. Using a USB port on the MacBook Pro for a second monitor is all about Thunderbolt 4. Thunderbolt versus USB-C: what’s the difference? ![]() Just don’t forget to adjust the display settings for best results. The M1 Pro’s two external monitors are capable of displaying up to 6K resolution at 60Hz, making it perfect for video editing, CAD work and more. How to connect a second monitor to the MacBook ProĬonnecting external monitors for the MacBook Pro is simple: All you need to do is connect the monitor to its external power source, and then use an HDMI cable or Thunderbolt/USB-C cable to rig the monitor to the MacBook. ![]() If you have a MacBook Air 13”, you can set up one additional monitor through its native hardware-though there is a workaround to connect another (see below). So how many monitors can you connect to your MacBook Pro? On the MacBook M1 Pro 16”, the Thunderbolt 4 (USB-C) and HDMI ports allow you to connect up to two external monitors easily. in Slack), reference files or CAD blueprints. You may also want another screen for your work chats (e.g. How to connect a second monitor for your MacBook Pro and Macbook Air External monitors for your MacBook: a guideĪ second monitor can be handy if you wish to use multiple programs at the same time, leading to less clicking between windows and a better workflow. ![]() ![]() □ With the exception of the first, all letters are lowercase, black and in sans serif. The word “LinkedIn” is written in the Myriad Pro font: the clear, semi-bold font is the first half of the image. The original edition was designed to be professional and practical, which immediately conveyed seriousness. LinkedIn chose a font with straight letters, perhaps to allude to its seriousness. The square blue background that we know and love today was a feature even then. □Īt the launch of LinkedIn in 2003, the network displayed the word “Linked” in black and the word “In” in white. As it’s been around for a decent amount of time, it’s quite normal that there have been several graphic redesigns and some slight changes to the LinkedIn logo. The network is currently almost 20 years old, which makes it practically a mid-lifer from a social media perspective. Today LinkedIn is one of the most visited social media platforms in the world (behind Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and Tumblr), but this was not always the case. □ Discover Waalaxy □ LinkedIn origin of the logo It is a free tool that will help you to achieve your goal. If you are short for time and your main aim for using LinkedIn is to grow your network or find clients, we suggest downloading Waalaxy right away. □īy the way, we have written lots of articles to help you learn about LinkedIn that you should definitely check out. There is a small space between them that makes it look like two pieces have been placed side by side. It consists of two words: “In” and “Linked”. It has changed twice during its years of existence, albeit slightly. The contemporary corporate symbol first appeared at the time of opening. The symbology describes all the important phases of the affiliate platform’s evolution. It was purchased by Microsoft in January 2017 and became their property. ![]() LinkedIn filed for an IPO in the first half of 2011 and listed on the New York Stock Exchange that summer. Officially, the company and its logo were launched in late 2002, although the service began operating in the spring of 2003. More than 700 million people from 200 nations have signed up for this network, which covers 150 different fields of work. ![]() It is a social network created to help people find the expertise they need and form business partnerships. The network is based in Mountain View, California. Reid Hoffman, Konstantin Guericke, Jean-Luc Vailant, Allen Blue and Eric Ly founded it in 2002. LinkedIn is a US-based professional networking site and social media platform. □Ĭopy the logo of your choice by right-clicking on the image, then save it. But in its early days, the social network had a very different visual identity! □įewer features were offered, the algorithm much less efficient to offer you quality content and the graphic charter clearly different! Find out everything you need to know about the current LinkedIn logo. ![]() LinkedIn was created in 2002 and launched the following year. The LinkedIn logo has evolved several times to become the one we know today. ![]() ![]() ![]() See a list of your local health and activity forecasts and recommendations.1 Oz Designer & 1/8 Top Shelf for 200$ 1 Oz Designer & 1/8 Top Shelf for 200$ save $10 Best Buds DC Call or Text 2028178385. little mermaid birthday cake ideas Weather conditions can be closely tied with health-related pains and outdoor activities. See a list of your local health and activity forecasts and recommendations. Up to 90 days of daily highs, lows, and precipitation chances.Weather conditions can be closely tied with health-related pains and outdoor activities. Feels Like: 33 ☏ Forecast: 55 / 37 ☏ Wind: 16 mph ↑ from Northwest Upcoming 5 hours See more hour-by-hour weather Forecast for the next 48 hours Know what's coming with AccuWeather's extended daily forecasts for Santa Rosa, CA. There are an average of 27.0 days annually with highs of 90 ☏ (32 ☌) or higher and an average of 5.0 days annually with lows of 32 ☏ (0 ☌) or lower.Weather in Santa Rosa, California, USA Time/General Time Zone DST Changes Sun & Moon Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Now 41 ☏ Clear. just.a. nude Philippines, artificial satellite, World Wide Web | 12K views, 11 likes, 1 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Bombo Radyo Koronadal.Location: Santa Rosa, CA Elevation: 158ft Nearby Weather Stations Today Hourly 10-Day Calendar History Wundermap Hourly Forecast for Today, Friday 03/24 Tomorrow 03/24 6 % / 0 in Partly.Hourly Local Weather Forecast, weather conditions, precipitation, dew point, humidity, wind from and The Weather Channel The record high temperature was 114 ☏ (46 ☌) on June 14, 1961, and the record low temperature was 16 ☏ (−9 ☌) on December 22, 1990. Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. Mercury Desert Rock Airport is 92 miles from Santa Rosa Flat, so the actual climate in Santa Rosa Flat can vary a bit. The maximum temperature will be in line …113 degrees in Santa Rosa on J114 degrees in Calistoga on J113 degrees in Napa on J112 degrees in Kentfield on J110 degrees in San Rafael on.Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate. Today, the highest temperature in Santa Rosa will be 60.8☏ (16☌), while the lowest temperature will be 39.2☏ (4☌). ACTIVE ALERTS Toggle menu.Tonight: High Tomorrow: High Sunday: High Grass Pollen Tonight: Moderate Tomorrow: Moderate Sunday: Moderate Ragweed Pollen Tonight: None Tomorrow: None Sunday: None About the Pollen. West wind 10 to 15 mph, with gusts as high as 23 mph. Shop NowSanta Rosa, Santa Rosa Sonoma County Airport (KSTS) Lat: 38.5°NLon: 122.81667°WElev: 125ft. aesthetic green icon 1 Oz Designer & 1/8 Top Shelf for 200$ 1 Oz Designer & 1/8 Top Shelf for 200$ save $10 Best Buds DC Call or Text 2028178385. Rigoletto Metropoli113 degrees in Santa Rosa on J114 degrees in Calistoga on J113 degrees in Napa on J112 degrees in Kentfield on J110 degrees in San Rafael on.Fetch the Santa Rosa, California normal high and low temperatures from AerisWeather. What was the high temperature in santa rosa today Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. ![]() ![]() ![]() With a narrow definition of the phrase “work of art”, certain elements of a decorative map are often left unconsidered by map historians. However, in recent decades, most art historians aim to end the arbitrary cutoff date, seeing that art and science evidently coexisted with cartography throughout the entire history of cartography, from the accurate to the fanciful, and that there should never be a date in which any historian considers eliminating art from the discussion of a map. The latter phase began in the second half of the eighteenth century, where accuracy took priority over the beautiful and aesthetically pleasing cartouches and frames. Most historians classify two periods of mapmaking: a decorative phase, and a scientific phase. While many exhibits of old and rare decorative maps exist, the newest exhibitions actually include modern art that employs a mapping theme. In the 1980’s, four major art exhibits displayed on the themes of art and cartography combined. Beyond that, curators of art in museums have widened their notions of what can be displayed justifiably along the walls of art museums, and with that, the traditional distinction between fine and applied art has broken down. Several art historians have been turning their attention to maps. Seeing as there is an important distinction between form and content regarding cartography, noting that distinction is key in better understanding the art in a map. Some scholars recommend separating the map from its iconographic meaning as an artifact and its function as a carrier of geographical information to better see maps as a work of art. Many mapmakers also dedicated their maps to wealthy or influential individuals in the hopes of selling the map at a higher price. Instead, they would add new designs, re-used the old plates, or added new information somewhere on the map by hand-painting the information. With the introduction of the printing press, mapmakers might not have been able to buy new copperplates every time a geographic area would change. Sometimes, on the other hand, the most up-to-date information would cease to be a priority when cost became a problem. ![]() In order to make the most profitable creation, Dutch map publishers needed the most informative and the most aesthetically pleasing map possible. Mapmakers, like artists, made a living through the sale of their artistic creations. The reality was quite different in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, however. Most people see mapmakers charting unknown lands while on a ship, braving the waters, storms, jungles, and wild animals all in order to paint a realistic view of the Earth in order for the world to gain knowledge. The connection between a mapmaker and an artist may seem difficult to envision at first. It made the buyers appear more cultured, intelligent, and classier than their peers. Just like a work of art, people would pay exorbitant prices to display a famous “Blaeu” or “Ortelius” map. Before the atlas was invented, wealthy intellectuals would purchase sheet maps one at a time, and hang them on their wall. “Why would such a user-unfriendly atlas sell for $100,000?” one might ask, or even “Why would someone even think of making an atlas of such grandeur?” Through intense research studying the Dutch Golden Age of Cartography in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, research provides the answer: a long-standing intersectional tradition of art and cartography has yet to die.Ĭenturies ago, in Amsterdam, mapmakers used designers, artists, and engravers to sell the most ornate and detailed maps on the market. ![]() In 2012 the Guinness Book of World Records named it the biggest and most expensive atlas in the entire world. Earth Platinum Edition not only required its own plane to fly the atlas and its wealthy owners, but it also required six people to lift the atlas. This was the biggest book ever made-1.8 by 1.4 meters, and $100,000. But then, Earth Platinum Edition was released, putting all other atlases to shame. ![]() Bound in leather, hand-tooled and hand-gilded, the price was only listed upon application. In 2009, a company named Millennium House published a 580-page monster of an atlas entitled Earth. ![]() |
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